• Reassure patients (favorable prognosis). |
• Advise to stay active. |
• Prescribe medication if necessary (preferably time-contingent). |
• First line is paracetamol; second line is non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory drugs, consider muscle relaxants, opioids or antidepressant and anticonvulsive medication (as co-medication for pain relief). |
• Discourage bed rest. |
• Discourage use of modalities (such as ultrasound, electrotherapy). |
• Short-term use of medication/manipulation. |
• Supervised exercise therapy. |
• Cognitive behavioral therapy. |
• Multidisciplinary treatment. |